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Il-Hoan Oh, MD,Ph.D

Education
  ¢º 1986: M.D, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine
  ¢º 1987: Internship in St. Mary¡¯s Hospital
  ¢º 1997: Ph.D, Fels Institute of Molecular Biology and Cancer Research, Temple University, USA
  ¢º 1997-2000: Post-doctoral Fellow Terry Fox Lab, Canada & NCIC (National Institute of Cancer, Canada) Fellow
Professional Career
2001- 2004:
  ¢º Associate Professor, The Catholic University of Korea.
  ¢º Director, Cell & Gene Therapy Institute, Catholic University of Korea
2004- Present
  ¢º Director, Catholic High Performance Cell Therapy Center
  ¢º Vice director, Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy
Editorial Appointment
Editorial Board, "Stem Cells"

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Adult Stem Cells for More Hope in Patient Care

Il-Hoan Oh, MD, Ph.D
Vice Director, The Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

Stem cells are in the major streamline in the regenerative medicine to help patients suffering from various intractable diseases.  With their intrinsic regenerative potential, stem cells can be differentiated to produce many kinds of tissues to heal damaged organ function.  Two kinds of stem cells can serve for the purpose of regenerative medicine, one embryonic stem cells derived from human embryo, and the other adult stem cells that can be obtained from various part of adult body including neonatal placental tissues.  Due to the ethical advantage of adult stem cells (AS) over embryonic stem cells (ES), many of the advocates for AS has been primarily based upon ethical features.   However, another important considerations in stem cell therapy would be a practical feasibility for medical applications.

To be used in the clinical applciations, several considerations are necessary in stem cell therapy. The first is safety issue. For ES cell, their tendency to form teratoma in the body has been one of major hurdle before clinical use and therefore, strategies to lower the risk of tumor formation should be developed.  In contrast, primary AS are mostly obtained from body without immortalization process, and can be utilized without major concern on this issue.

Secondly, homogeneity and specification of cell types to be regenerated should be considered. While ES cells can undergo multipotential differentiation into many cell types, guiding their differentiation toward a particular desired cell type has been a challenging task and needs further success in the related fields.  For AS cell, many types are relatively specialized in their subsequent differentiation program with respect to each type of AS.  Moreover, in-vivo site-specific differentiation of AS has been noted in many studies, thus making AS less prone to the generation of unexpected tissues.

The last consideration in stem cell therapy is the strategies to overcome immune rejection after transplantation into patients. AS cells can meet this requirement by obtaining them from related or histocompatibility-matched donors.  Alternatively, many of AS therapy is using patients¡¯ own cells and this type of autologous stem cell therapy is currently expanding. In contrast, limitation in the number of available ES cell line makes it demand a special process such as nuclear transfer or embryo cloning.  Apart from the risk for reproductive cloning, nuclear transfer itself is the low fidelity process characterized by low frequency of success and high risk of aberrant gene regulation.  These technical limitation requires large starting number of ovums to produce limited number of cloned ES cells, which makes utilization of ES cell further complicated.

Taken together, AS have significant advantage over ES in medical application for cell therapy and could be a faster way toward the goal of regenerative medicine.  Further researches on AS should bring up more extensive spectrum of AS therapy to meet the demand of many patients and give them more hope of regenerative medicine.